Introduction to Mukhtasr Al Quduri
Name of Book:
Mukhtasr of Al- Quduri
Birth Year: 362AH/973CE
Death: 428AH/1037CE
Chains to the Prophet: 14 Chains from Him to the Prophet. 8 chains from him to Imam Abu Hanifa
Teachers: Muhammed bin Yahya bin Mahdi al Jurjaani (398 A.H) who was the student of Imam Jasas.
Author Name: Abu Hasan Al Muhammed bin Ahmed Bin Muhmmed bin Ja’far Al Quduri Al Baghdadi commonly known by his Nisbah (Surname) of Al- Quduri.
Birth Year: 362AH/973CE
Death: 428AH/1037CE
Chains to the Prophet: 14 Chains from Him to the Prophet. 8 chains from him to Imam Abu Hanifa
Teachers: Muhammed bin Yahya bin Mahdi al Jurjaani (398 A.H) who was the student of Imam Jasas.
Meaning of Mukhtasr: Concise Handbook of a treatise characterized by neatness and clarity.
Originated from the Abbassid Period. Created as a facility to the
quick training of lawyers without the use of lengthy volumes, but it
is a fundamental of Islamic Law for a layman.
Meaning of Quduri: Qidr
means Pot in which the Plural is Quduri, either derived because of a family profession of selling pots or towards his home town called Qudurah.
Brief points about the Book:
The
Mukhtasar of Al- Quduri is a foundational text in Hanafi
Fiqh scholarship. It was designed as a textbook for
the incipient legal curricula in Iraq and Syria. Many
later Hanafi texts are in forms of commentary of the Mukhtsar. Some
scholars would write commentary on the entire text or phrases from
Quduri. As today Qudoori holds a important place in Hanafi Fiqh
scholarship. It is used as a primary textbook in many Islamic
institution. For students in Egypt, Pakistan, Yemen, India,
England and Morocco.
Qudoori contains the opinions of three main authorities from the Hanafi school (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammed) from the 7th/8th century. Upon occasion, Quduri mentions the three or four authorities and their respected opinions on the ruling.
Hidaya by Marginani(593/1197) is a commentary on the Mukhtasar and explains Al Quduri's entire word for word. However, Marginani have change the content of the his book, for instance he brings the chapter of marriage law and personal law before commercial law which is different to Al Quduri. By relaying of the text of Marginani he makes the Quduri into a sort of canonical text.
Another different stance Marginani chose was to bring primary evidence (Quran & Ahaadith) and other authoritative views to prove rulings, something Al Quduri did not do. As proven in the chapter of purification, Al Quduri mentions only two primary evidence to prove a ruling. Moreover, Marginani would not only bring the source and opinions however, he shows the different way the text was interpreted by the authorities.
How the commentaries format has changed over years
The beginning of sixth century mainly focused on explaining the reason for the choices represented by the earlier opinions. Seventh century on wards, several generations of commentaries on Muktasar Al Quduri and Hidaya can be found. However, there are many unpublished commentaries on the Muktasar of Al -Quduri, as Wheeler (2003) mentions 10 commentaries written in the early generation which have not yet been published but can be found in libraries in Cairo, Tunis and Khairouan.
Qudoori contains the opinions of three main authorities from the Hanafi school (Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammed) from the 7th/8th century. Upon occasion, Quduri mentions the three or four authorities and their respected opinions on the ruling.
Hidaya by Marginani(593/1197) is a commentary on the Mukhtasar and explains Al Quduri's entire word for word. However, Marginani have change the content of the his book, for instance he brings the chapter of marriage law and personal law before commercial law which is different to Al Quduri. By relaying of the text of Marginani he makes the Quduri into a sort of canonical text.
Another different stance Marginani chose was to bring primary evidence (Quran & Ahaadith) and other authoritative views to prove rulings, something Al Quduri did not do. As proven in the chapter of purification, Al Quduri mentions only two primary evidence to prove a ruling. Moreover, Marginani would not only bring the source and opinions however, he shows the different way the text was interpreted by the authorities.
How the commentaries format has changed over years
The beginning of sixth century mainly focused on explaining the reason for the choices represented by the earlier opinions. Seventh century on wards, several generations of commentaries on Muktasar Al Quduri and Hidaya can be found. However, there are many unpublished commentaries on the Muktasar of Al -Quduri, as Wheeler (2003) mentions 10 commentaries written in the early generation which have not yet been published but can be found in libraries in Cairo, Tunis and Khairouan.
- Abridged
- Daily routine rules,
- Without citing evidence,
- Includes everything which scholars deem important
- 2,500 issues,
- 63 chapters
- 20 books,
- Taught for centuries across the worlds more than 1000 years,
- Considered a classic in Hanafi Fiqh,
- Main aim of book: is to provide a basic manual and do's and don’t to enable people to grasp the din and remember as easy as possible,
- Complicated because of conflicting phrases and value ambiguity in the text. Hence, a guide is needed.
Translation are available, however, they contain minor additions, omission, structure change, borrowed text from other editions of quduri and the translator may bring his own subheading and footnotes.
Book structure
Not written in fluent
style but in hukm and conditions
Command to ‘do’
Command to refrain
Command ‘do’
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